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CPD Questions (Cardiac Valve Anatomy & Echo Correlation)
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I confirm that I have watched the accompanying video in full before completing these CPD questions and claiming CPD points.:
Yes
1. Which statement correctly describes the mitral valve leaflets?:
A. The posterior leaflet is larger than the anterior leaflet.
B. Both leaflets are the same size.
C. The anterior leaflet is larger than the posterior leaflet.
D. The anterior leaflet has two scallops and the posterior leaflet has three.
E. Both leaflets have only one scallop.
2. Which mitral scallops are closest to the left atrial appendage?:
A. A2 and P2
B. A3 and P3
C. A1 and P1
D. A2 and P3
E. A1 and P3
3. During transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE), which mitral valve view is classically obtained at approximately 60 degrees?:
A. Long-axis view (A2-P2)
B. Commissural view (P1-A2-P3)
C. Four-chamber view
D. Five-chamber view
E. Bicaval view
4. Which TEE imaging plane most commonly demonstrates the A2-P2 scallops together with the aortic valve?:
A. 0 degrees
B. 30 degrees
C. 60 degrees
D. 90 degrees
E. 120 degrees
5. Each mitral papillary muscle sends chordae tendineae to::
A. Only the anterior mitral leaflet
B. Only the posterior mitral leaflet
C. Both the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets
D. The aortic valve only
E. The tricuspid valve
6. Which papillary muscle is most susceptible to rupture following myocardial infarction because it often has a single arterial blood supply?:
A. Anterolateral papillary muscle
B. Posteromedial papillary muscle
C. Anterior papillary muscle of the tricuspid valve
D. Septal papillary muscle
E. Lateral papillary muscle
7. Which echocardiographic feature distinguishes a flail mitral leaflet from mitral valve prolapse?:
A. A flail leaflet points toward the left ventricular apex.
B. A flail leaflet points toward the left atrium.
C. A flail leaflet always involves the anterior leaflet only.
D. Prolapse occurs only after papillary muscle rupture.
E. There is no difference between prolapse and flail.
8. Which type of chordae tendineae originates directly from the ventricular wall rather than a papillary muscle?:
A. Primary chordae
B. Secondary chordae
C. Tertiary chordae
D. Marginal chordae
E. Commissural chordae
9. Which tricuspid leaflet has the shortest radial length?:
A. Anterior leaflet
B. Posterior leaflet
C. Septal leaflet
D. Inferior leaflet
E. Lateral leaflet
10. Functional tricuspid regurgitation caused by right ventricular dilation most commonly results from::
A. Thickening of the tricuspid leaflets
B. Calcification of the annulus
C. Separation of the commissures due to dilation of the RV free wall
D. Papillary muscle rupture
E. Congenital absence of chordae
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