CPD Questions (Doppler Principles in Echocardiography)

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1. What does the Doppler principle describe in echocardiography?:: A. Reflection of ultrasound only from structural interfacesB. Change in frequency caused by motion between source and observerC. Change in ultrasound amplitude as it passes through tissueD. Change in wavelength produced by motion or movement
2. In Doppler echocardiography, when blood cells move towards the transducer, the frequency shift is::: A. NegativeB. ZeroC. PositiveD. Cannot be determined from this information alone
3. What is the fundamental difference between the first and second frequency shifts in a double Doppler shift as it occurs in echocardiography?:: A. The first shift occurs at the transducer; the second occurs at the display.B. The first occurs between the stationary transducer and moving reflectors; the second occurs between moving reflectors and the stationary transducerC. The first shift represents blood flow; the second shift represents myocardial motion.D. The first shift is always positive; the second shift is always negative.
4. In a spectral Doppler display, what information is represented on the X and Y axes?:: A. X-axis: Velocity; Y-axis: TimeB. X-axis: Time; Y-axis: Signal AmplitudeC. X-axis: Time; Y-axis: Frequency shift and/or velocityD. X-axis: Depth; Y-axis: Flow direction
5. Which of the following is considered the primary disadvantage of Continuous-wave (CW) Doppler?:: A. Inability to measure high velocities.B. Poor temporal resolution.C. Susceptibility to aliasing at low PRF.D. Range ambiguity, as signals are detected along the entire length of the beam.
6. What is the main advantage of pulsed-wave Doppler?:: A. Detects highest velocities without limitationB. Precise measurement at a selected locationC. Better temporal resolution than continuous and colour DopplerD. No aliasing occurs
7. What is the Nyquist limit in the context of pulsed-wave Doppler?:: A. The minimum velocity required to generate a signal.B. The maximum frequency shift that can be unambiguously displayed.C. The depth at which the ultrasound signal is completely attenuated.D. The angle at which the cosine of theta equals zero.
8. The Nyquist limit in pulsed-wave Doppler is equal to the pulse repetition frequency (PRF)::: A. multiplied by 2B. divided by 4C. divided by 2D. multiplied by velocity × cosine θ
9. What happens to the spectral Doppler signals when the ultrasound beam is perpendicular (90 degrees) to blood flow?:: A. Maximum velocity is recordedB. Velocity is doubledC. No Doppler shift is detectedD. Severe spectral aliasing occurs
10. Which method can be used to overcome aliasing in pulsed-wave Doppler?:: A. Increasing the transducer frequency.B. Increasing the sample volume depth.C. Decreasing the number of sample volumes.D. Switching from PW to CW Doppler.
11. Tissue Doppler imaging primarily measures motion of::: A. Red blood cellsB. Cardiac valves onlyC. MyocardiumD. Pericardial fluid
12. When performing Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI), how must the filters be adjusted compared to conventional blood flow Doppler?:: A. To detect low frequency shifts and high amplitudes.B. To detect high frequency shifts and high amplitudes.C. To detect low frequency shifts and low amplitudes.D. To detect high frequency shifts and low amplitudes.

CPD Questions (Doppler Principles in Echocardiography)

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CPD Questions (Doppler Principles in Echocardiography)

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