CPD Questions (LV Chamber Remodelling)

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1. Which of the following is considered a physiological inciting stimulus for LV remodelling?:: A. Cardiac injuryB. Pressure overload (e.g., Hypertension)C. Genetic modificationsD. Chronic inflammationE. Pregnancy
2. According to the Law of Laplace, ventricular wall stress is inversely proportional to which of the following?:: A. Cavity radiusB. Ventricular pressureC. Wall thicknessD. Myocyte lengthE. Ventricular mass
3. Which morphological pattern is typically associated with pathological pressure overload (e.g., aortic stenosis)?:: A. Eccentric hypertrophyB. Concentric hypertrophyC. Physiological hypertrophyD. Localized thinningE. Eccentric remodelling
4. In the echo recognition of LV geometry, what two primary calculations are used to identify the four basic patterns?:: A. LV End-Diastolic Volume and Ejection FractionB. Stroke Volume and LV End-Diastolic VolumeC. LV Mass Index and Relative Wall ThicknessD. LV Mass Index and LV End-Diastolic VolumeE. Posterior LV wall thickness and Relative Wall Thickness
5. Which geometric pattern is defined by an increased relative wall thickness with a normal LV mass index?:: A. Normal geometryB. Concentric remodellingC. Concentric hypertrophyD. Eccentric hypertrophyE. Mixed hypertrophy
6. What characterizes the proposed fifth geometric pattern of eccentric remodelling?:: A. Increased LVV with normal LVMI and normal RWT.B. Decreased LVV with increased LVMI and increased RWT.C. Increased LLV with increased LVMI and low RWT.D. Normal LLV with increased RWT and normal LVMI.E. Normal LVV with decreased RWT and decreased LVMI.
(LVMI = LV Mass Index, LVV = LV volume, RWT = Relative Wall Thickness)
7. In the context of LV remodelling, how is the relative wall thickness (RWT) calculated?:: A. (2 × PWT) / LVEDDB. (LVEDD + PWT) / 2C. LVMI / BSAD. LVEDD / LVESDE. (IVST + PWT) / LVEDD
(BSA = Body Surface Area, IVST = Interventricular Septal Thickness, LVEDD = LV End-Diastolic Diameter, LVMI =LV Mass Index, LVESD = LV End-Systolic Dimension, PWT = Posterior Wall Thickness)
8. What shape does the LV transition toward during ongoing remodelling following a myocardial infarction?:: A. Becomes more elliptical.B. Becomes more triangular.C. Becomes irregular and flat.D. Remains unchanged in shape but decreases in size.E. Transitions from elliptical to a spherical shape.
9. What are the most commonly used echocardiographic criteria for identifying reverse remodelling?:: A. LVESV reduction >/= 5% and LVEF increase >/= 5%.B. LVESV reduction >/= 15% and LVEF increase >/= 10%.C. LVEDV increase >/= 10% and LVEF increase >/= 15%.D. LVMI reduction >/= 20% regardless of LVEF.E. RWT increase >/= 15% and LVEF increase >/= 5%.
(LVEDV = LV end-diastolic volume, LVEF = LV ejection fraction, LVESV = LV end-systolic volume, LVMI = LV Mass Index, RWT = relative wall thickness)
10. Which pathological stimulus is most associated with eccentric hypertrophy?:: A. Aortic stenosisB. HypertensionC. Mitral regurgitationD. PregnancyE. Athlete’s heart

CPD Questions (LV Chamber Remodelling)

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