CPD Questions (Prosthetic Aortic Valves: SAVR vs TAVR)

Name:: First Name:
Last Name:
Contact Email:
Submission date:
I confirm that I have watched the accompanying video in full before completing these CPD questions and claiming CPD points.:: Yes
1. Which type of mechanical prosthetic valve is MOST commonly used in current clinical practice?:: A. Single tilting disc valveB. Bi-leaflet tilting disc valveC. Ball and cage valveD. Stentless bioprosthetic valveE. Tilting ball valve
2. According to the guidelines, where should the LVOT diameter be measured when assessing a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)?:: A. At the level of the aortic annulusB. At the apical end of the stent, outer edge to outer edgeC. Just below the valve planeD. At the centre of the stentE. 5-10 mm below the aortic annulus
3. According to a study by Dr Clavel in 2011, what is the effect of measuring the LVOT diameter at the aortic annulus rather than at the apical end of the prosthetic valve stent?:: A. Lower gradients are reportedB. No significant difference occursC. Effective orifice area appears largerD. Flow velocities decreaseE. Higher rates of prosthesis-patient mismatch are reported
4. In which situation is pressure recovery MOST likely to affect prosthetic aortic valve gradient measurements?:: A. Large ascending aorta (>4.0 cm)B. Small ascending aorta (<3.1 cm)C. Dilated left ventricleD. High cardiac output statesE. Mitral regurgitation
5. Which Doppler jet contour is most consistent with a normally functioning prosthetic aortic valve?:: A. Early-peaking, triangular-shaped jetB. Mid-systolic peaking with a rounded contourC. Late-peaking, triangular-shaped jetD. Late-peaking with a prolonged acceleration timeE. Symmetrical, rounded contour with delayed peak velocity
6. Which CT finding is characteristic of subclinical leaflet thrombosis?:: A. Prosthetic leaflet calcificationB. Stent-frame fractureC. Hypoattenuating leaflet thickeningD. Prosthetic valve dehiscenceE. Paravalvular contrast leak
7. When should the baseline echocardiogram ideally be performed following transcatheter aortic valve implantation?:: A. Immediately post-procedure (day 0)B. After the flow state has stabilisedC. At 6 months post-procedureD. At 1-year post-procedureE. Only patient is no longer symptomatic
8. A patient with a 23-mm balloon-expandable TAVR has a mean Doppler gradient of 25 mmHg on the Day 1 post-procedure echo, but the invasive gradient is in the single digits. What is the MOST likely explanation for this discrepancy?:: A. Acute valve thrombosisB. Structural valve deteriorationC. Prosthesis-patient mismatchD. Pressure recovery phenomenonE. Measurement error in catheterization
9. What is the clinical value of the acceleration time/ejection time (AT/ET) ratio when assessing a prosthetic aortic valve?:: A. It correlates with valve sizeB. It identifies pressure recoveryC. It determines the need for anticoagulationD. It is a surrogate measure of stroke volumeE. It may identify prosthetic valve dysfunction and predict adverse outcomes
10. Why is the effective orifice area (EOA) typically reduced following a valve-in-valve procedure?:: A. Increased transvalvular flowB. Expansion of the native aortic annulusC. Increased leaflet tissue overlappingD. Constraint by the existing surgical valveE. The stent material compresses over time
11. What is the PRIMARY reason self-expanding transcatheter valves tend to have larger effective orifice areas (EOAs) than balloon-expandable valves?:: A. They are positioned deeper within the LVOTB. They generate less transvalvular flow accelerationC. They expand to conform to the native aortic annulusD. They experience less prosthetic leaflet restrictionE. They produce less pressure recovery after implantation
12. In which scenario is pseudo-severe prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) MOST likely?:: A. Low flow resulting in an abnormally small calculated EOAB. Normal flow with a normal indexed EOAC. High flow with an increased transvalvular gradientD. Prosthetic leaflet calcification causing obstructionE. Severe paravalvular regurgitation with a normal EOA

CPD Questions (Prosthetic Aortic Valves: SAVR vs TAVR)

Quick Links

Committees

Resources

Meetings/Events

Contact Us

CPD Questions (Prosthetic Aortic Valves: SAVR vs TAVR)

Quick Links

Committees

Resources

Meetings/Events

Contact Us

Follow Us