CPD Webinar Questions -Structural Echo Primer Webinar

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I confirm that I either attended the live webinar on 28 September 2026 or viewed the on-demand webinar prior to completing these CPD questions and claiming CPD points.:: Yes
1. During transoesophageal imaging of the mitral valve, which anatomical landmark identifies the lateral aspect of the valve?:: A. Interatrial septumB. Coronary sinusC. Left atrial appendageD. Non-coronary aortic cuspE. Right coronary artery
2. Why is the standard mid-oesophageal 0 degree four-chamber view of limited value for precise mitral valve localisation?:: A. The posterior leaflet cannot be visualisedB. The imaging plane is parallel to the mitral orificeC. The exact leaflet segments being intersected cannot be reliably identifiedD. The left atrial appendage always obscures the valveE. The subvalvular apparatus cannot be visualised
3. The anteroseptal commissure of the tricuspid valve is anatomically related to the::: A. Aortic rootB. Coronary sinusC. Inferior vena cavaD. Superior vena cavaE. Right atrial appendage
4. Under sedation or general anaesthesia, why should blood pressure (BP) be recorded and, if necessary, raised toward the usual awake level before quantifying mitral regurgitation (MR) severity?:: A. A lower afterload under sedation can decrease the apparent severity of MRB. A higher BP improves 2D image quality making PISA measurements more accurateC. Changes in BP alter the Nyquist limit, so the PISA radius has to be re-measuredD. BP only affects only functional MR and does not need to be considered in degenerative MR.
5. Before mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER), which measurements are most important for assessing the risk of iatrogenic mitral stenosis after clip placement?:: A. LVOT diameter and aortic velocityB. Pulmonary vein S/D ratioC. Mean pressure gradient and mitral orifice areaD. Vena contracta width only
6. During tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER), which transoesophageal echocardiographic view is essential for orienting the clip arms?:: A. Mid-oesophageal 0° four-chamber view with the tricuspid valve in profileB. Bicaval view for assessment of septal leaflet positionC. Transgastric short-axis (en-face) view of the tricuspid valveD. Mid-oesophageal RV inflow–outflow view for commissural assessment
7. During mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER), transseptal puncture height is usually targeted a set distance above the mitral coaptation point. What is that distance, and how should it be modified for medial commissural pathology?:: A. 2.0–2.5 cm; lower for medial pathologyB. 4.0–4.5 cm; higher for medial pathologyC. 4.0–4.5 cm; lower for medial pathologyD. 6.0–6.5 cm; no modification requiredE. Height is measured from the annulus rather than the coaptation point and is fixed at 3.0 cm
8. Before releasing a mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) device, which combination of findings best indicates an acceptable haemodynamic result?:: A. Residual mean gradient below 5 mmHg and residual mitral valve area of at least 2.0 cm²B. Residual mean gradient below 10 mmHg and residual mitral valve area of at least 1.5 cm²C. Residual mitral valve area of at least 2.0 cm² derived from pressure half-time aloneD. Absence of a residual jet on colour Doppler irrespective of mean gradient and orifice areaE. Residual mean gradient below 5 mmHg, irrespective of the mitral valve area
9. For mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER), in which scenario does real-time 3D multiplanar reconstruction provide the greatest additional value over 2D biplane imaging in the bicommissural view?:: A. A central A2–P2 grasp in a wide, non-calcified valveB. Placing a second device for commissural residual regurgitationC. Confirming tenting within the fossa ovalis at transseptal punctureD. Recording pulmonary venous flow after deploymentE. Grading baseline regurgitation severity
10. What septolateral coaptation gap is considered ideal for tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER)?:: A. ≤5 mmB. ≤7 mmC. ≤10 mmD. ≤15 mm
11. Which leaflet grasping location is generally considered most favourable for tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER)?:: A. Anterior–posteriorB. Septal - anteriorC. Septal - posteriorD. Posterior–anterior
12. What leaflet insertion length is generally considered favourable for tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER)?:: A. ≥3 mmB. ≥5 mmC. ≥10 mmD. ≥20 mm
13. A patient with severe mitral regurgitation is being screened for transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). On TOE, which combination of findings raises the most concern for a procedural complication?:: A. Mild aortic regurgitation and a dilated left atriumB. Basal septal hypertrophy, a long anterior mitral leaflet and a small LV cavityC. Moderate tricuspid regurgitation and an RVSP of 45 mmHgD. LVEF of 45% with a restricted posterior leaflet
14. Shortly after transcatheter mitral valve deployment, the patient becomes hypotensive. The valve is well seated with no paravalvular leak, but the LVOT gradient rises from 8 to 70 mmHg. What is the most appropriate initial response?:: A. Start dobutamine to support LV contractilityB. Post dilate the valve to improve its expansionC. Give intravenous diuretic to reduce preloadD. Give fluid, stop any inotropes and consider beta blockade, while preparing for bailout septal reduction
15. Immediately after transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement (TTVR). eliminates severe tricuspid regurgitation, which TOE finding requires the most urgent evaluation?:: A. A global reduction in TAPSE and RV fractional area change, with stable haemodynamicsB. New regional hypokinesis of the basal RV free wall together with new inferior LV wall hypokinesisC. Trivial central transvalvular regurgitationD. A mean transtricuspid gradient of 3 mmHg

CPD Webinar Questions -Structural Echo Primer Webinar

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